Data Sources & Attribution

Rental comparables & property records

Comparable rental listings and property records are provided in part by RentCast. These power the rent estimate, the weighted comparable set, and property attribute lookups.

Property value, assessment & sales data

Automated property valuation, assessed value and tax information, sales comparables, and property characteristics are provided in part by ATTOM Data Solutions. These power the Investment Snapshot and the Property Tax Appeal analysis.

Fair Market Rents

Fair Market Rent figures used in the Section 8 / FMR report are sourced from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Actual voucher payment standards are set by local public housing authorities.

Benchmark rent trends (HUD SAFMR)

Market Trend figures — the year-over-year benchmark rent lines shown on rent reports and in the Benchmark Trends report — are HUD Small-Area Fair Market Rents (SAFMR), a U.S. Government work in the public domain. A SAFMR is a 40th-percentile administrative standard and typically sits below market asking rents; it is context, never an input to a rent estimate.

Housing & economic medians (U.S. Census Bureau)

Median gross rent, home value, household income, and rent-burden figures used in the area context, affordability, cost-burden, and Benchmark Trends reports come from the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates — a public-domain U.S. Government work. ACS 5-year data is a rolling average and lags the current market by 2–4 years.

Rent inflation (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)

Rent-inflation trend figures come from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Price Index, Rent of Primary Residence (national and metropolitan series) — a public-domain U.S. Government work. The CPI is an index of change over time, not a dollar rent level.

Flood & hazard data (FEMA)

Flood-zone and Special Flood Hazard Area designations used in the Flood & Hazard and Carrying-Cost reports are queried from the Federal Emergency Management Agency's National Flood Hazard Layer (NFHL) — public U.S. Government data. Flood zones can be revised; confirm on the FEMA Flood Map Service Center.

House-price indices (FHFA)

Where a value-side price trend is shown, the index is the Federal Housing Finance Agency House Price Index — a public-domain U.S. Government work. It measures relative price change, not an appraised dollar value.

Home-insurance climate metrics (U.S. Treasury)

ZIP-level homeowners-insurance figures — average premium and non-renewal and claim rates — shown in the Home-Insurance Climate area card come from the U.S. Department of the Treasury, Federal Insurance Office (2018–2022 data collection), a public-domain U.S. Government work. These metrics are Treasury-validated in aggregate, not per-ZIP insurance quotes, and are area context only — never an input to a rent or value estimate.

Soil & site suitability (USDA)

Soil-survey facts in the Soil & Site Suitability area card come from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Survey (SSURGO), served via Soil Data Access — a public-domain U.S. Government work. This is general survey data at the mapped-soil-unit level, not a site-specific geotechnical assessment, and is display-only.

Water & waterfront proximity (USGS)

The straight-line distance to the nearest named lake, river, or coastline in the Water & Waterfront area card is computed from the U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) — public U.S. Government data. It is a setting fact, not a flood or shoreline determination, and is never an estimate input.

Rail crossings & quiet zones (U.S. DOT / FRA)

Nearby at-grade highway-rail crossings and Quiet-Zone status in the Rail Crossings & Noise area card are sourced from the U.S. Department of Transportation / Federal Railroad Administration National Highway-Rail Crossing Inventory — public U.S. Government data. Shown as area context only.

Dam safety & proximity (USACE)

Nearby dams and their hazard-potential classification in the Dam Safety area card come from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers National Inventory of Dams (NID). A hazard-potential class describes the consequence if a dam failed, not the likelihood of failure; it is display-only context, never an estimate input.

Nearby amenities (OpenStreetMap)

Nearby points of interest — parks, transit, dining, schools, civic and mobility facilities and the like — shown in the amenities area cards are drawn from OpenStreetMap via its Overpass API. Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, available under the Open Database License (ODbL). OpenStreetMap is community-maintained and coverage varies by area. This is objective location context, never an input to a rent or value estimate.

Area-intelligence sources — complete list

Every area card names its source; the full list of the public and open datasets behind the area-intelligence cards is:

Air quality — U.S. EPA AirNow air-quality data.

Airports (NTAD) — FAA airport data via the U.S. DOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics National Transportation Atlas.

American Community Survey (ACS) — U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-year estimates.

Beach advisories (BEACON) — U.S. EPA BEACON 2.0 — Beach Advisory and Closing Online Notification (state beach-monitoring reports).

Birding hotspots — Birding hotspot data from eBird, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, used under written commercial permission granted by Cornell.

Breweries & taprooms — Brewery directory from Open Brewery DB (community-maintained open dataset).

Bridge inventory & condition — Federal Highway Administration National Bridge Inventory.

Broadband coverage & antenna structures — Federal Communications Commission (Broadband Data Collection, Antenna Structure Registration).

Building Permits Survey (BPS) — U.S. Census Bureau Building Permits Survey — county residential building permits authorized (new-construction activity).

Building footprints (USA Structures) — FEMA USA Structures — building footprints produced by Oak Ridge National Laboratory for FEMA.

Cost of living (Regional Price Parities) — BEA Regional Price Parities (metro / state-portion price index, U.S. = 100) and CAINC1 per-capita personal income.

Dams (NID) — U.S. Army Corps of Engineers National Inventory of Dams.

Decennial Census — U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census (2000 / 2010 / 2020).

Drive-time reach (isochrones) — Drive-time isochrones over the OpenStreetMap road network. API results are CC-BY 4.0 (commercial use permitted WITH attribution). Required attribution: © openrouteservice.org by HeiGIT | Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors.

Drought monitor — U.S. Drought Monitor, produced by NDMC, USDA and NOAA.

EV charging stations (AFDC) — U.S. Department of Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center (NREL) Alternative Fuel Station Locator. The user is granted the right, without any fee or cost, to use or copy the Data, provided that this entire notice appears in all copies of the Data.

Earthquakes, landslide inventory, volcano threat, mines, wells — U.S. Geological Survey (seismic, U.S. Landslide Inventory, NVEWS volcano threat, USMIN mine features, documented orphaned wells).

Electric transmission lines — Homeland Infrastructure Foundation-Level Data (HIFLD Open) electric power transmission lines.

Electricity price & grid reliability — EIA v2 retail-sales (residential electricity price) and Form EIA-861 reliability (SAIDI/SAIFI outage statistics).

FMR / AMI / subsidized housing / FHA limits — U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (FMR/AMI, CHUMS FHA limits).

Farmers markets & agritourism — USDA Local Food Portal — the farmers-market and agritourism directories (a voluntary registry, so it under-counts).

Fatal traffic crashes — NHTSA Fatality Analysis Reporting System — fatal-crash points, a fixed 2017-2022 window (U.S. Government work).

Federal recreation (Recreation.gov) — Recreation Information Database — federal recreation facilities across NPS, Forest Service, BLM, USACE, Fish & Wildlife, Reclamation and TVA.

Flood layers, NRI, disasters, NFIP claims — Federal Emergency Management Agency (NFHL, National Risk Index, OpenFEMA).

Forecasts & alerts — National Weather Service forecast and alert data.

HMDA originations / delinquency — Home Mortgage Disclosure Act data via CFPB/FFIEC.

Historical hurricane tracks (IBTrACS) — NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) / National Hurricane Center.

Hot springs (OpenStreetMap) — OpenStreetMap natural hot/thermal springs. Attribution: © OpenStreetMap contributors.

House Price Index / UAD / conforming loan limits — Federal Housing Finance Agency (HPI, UAD aggregate statistics, conforming loan limits).

Household energy burden — U.S. DOE Low-Income Energy Affordability Data (LEAD) Tool, used under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (CC BY 4.0).

Hydrography (NHD) & gazetteer (GNIS) — U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrography Dataset and Geographic Names Information System.

IRS Statistics of Income / migration — Internal Revenue Service, Statistics of Income.

Impaired / assessed waters (ATTAINS) — U.S. EPA ATTAINS — Clean Water Act §303(d)/§305(b) state-reported water assessments.

Karst (sinkhole-prone) areas — U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1352 (Davies, Engineering Aspects of Karst).

Land cover / tree canopy / impervious (NLCD) — USGS National Land Cover Database (Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics Consortium); tree canopy from the USDA Forest Service.

Local Area Unemployment / QCEW — U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (LAUS, QCEW).

Major sports teams & venues — Sports-team and home-venue data from Wikidata, released under the CC0 1.0 public-domain dedication.

Mortgage-rate series — Mortgage-rate series from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

National Register of Historic Places — National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places.

National Scenic Byways — Federal Highway Administration National Scenic Byways / All-American Roads (US DOT NTAD).

National Wild & Scenic Rivers — National Wild & Scenic Rivers System (USFS Enterprise Data Warehouse, multi-agency).

National parks & monuments — U.S. National Park Service — park units, activities and live alerts (the NPS does not endorse this product).

Night-lights (dark sky) — Night-time lights from the VIIRS Day/Night Band (NOAA/NASA instrument), served by Esri and used under licensed permission.

Per-diem rates — U.S. General Services Administration per-diem data.

Plant hardiness zones — USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map, 2023 (USDA Agricultural Research Service / Oregon State University PRISM Climate Group).

Points of interest / cuisine mix — Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors, available under the Open Database License (ODbL).

Population density (gazetteer + PEP) — U.S. Census Bureau gazetteer land area with Population Estimates Program population — county density.

Population estimates & components of change — U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Ports & intermodal passenger terminals — U.S. DOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics — principal ports and the Intermodal Passenger Connectivity Database (NTAD).

Protected/public lands (PAD-US) — U.S. Geological Survey Protected Areas Database of the United States (PAD-US).

Public libraries & museums — IMLS Public Libraries Survey (annual) and Museum Data File (2018, final edition).

Public transit stops — U.S. DOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics — National Transit Map (agency-submitted GTFS stops). Attribution: U.S. DOT / BTS.

Rail crossings & quiet zones — U.S. DOT Federal Railroad Administration National Highway-Rail Crossing Inventory.

Rail network lines — U.S. DOT Bureau of Transportation Statistics, North American Rail Network (FRA source data).

Recreational trails — USGS The National Map / National Digital Trails.

Road traffic counts (AADT) — FHWA Highway Performance Monitoring System — Annual Average Daily Traffic on counted road segments (2023 submission).

School / crime / affordability context — NCES public-school facts, FBI UCR state-level crime counts, and Census ACS county medians (objective display-only context).

School facts & IPEDS college directory — Education data via the Urban Institute Education Data API, used under the Open Data Commons Attribution License (ODC-BY).

Soil survey (SSURGO) — USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Soil Survey (SSURGO) via Soil Data Access.

Solar resource (sunshine) — NASA POWER — long-term all-sky solar irradiance (GHI) climatology; U.S. Government work.

Streamflow gauges — USGS National Water Information System instantaneous streamflow.

Tide stations & high-tide flooding — NOAA Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) water-level observations and annual high-tide-flooding product.

Walkability, TRI, Superfund, UST/LUST, brownfields — U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Walkability Index, Toxics Release Inventory, FRS/ACRES brownfields, UST Finder, radon zones).

Weather, climate normals, climate projections — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NWS, NCEI normals, CMRA/LOCA climate projections).

Wetlands (NWI) & critical habitat — U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (National Wetlands Inventory, ECOS Critical Habitat).

ZIP home-insurance metrics — U.S. Department of the Treasury, Federal Insurance Office (2018–2022).

Government non-endorsement

Data from HUD, the U.S. Census Bureau, BLS, BEA, the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the IRS, FEMA, NOAA, the USGS, the EPA, the USDA, the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, the U.S. Department of Energy, the EIA, NASA, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the National Park Service, the U.S. DOT / Federal Railroad Administration, the FAA, the FCC, FHFA, FBI, and other U.S. federal agencies is used under the public-domain status of U.S. Government works. These agencies do not endorse Rentari or this product, and nothing here should be read as government approval of our estimates.

Maps & imagery

Maps and Street View imagery are provided by Google and are shown on our web pages only — your browser loads them directly from Google, and we do not store copies. Map data © Google. Downloadable and shared report PDFs therefore contain no Google imagery.

Address geocoding uses the U.S. Census Bureau Geocoder (public domain).

AI narration

Plain-English report narration and thin-market fallback comps are generated with Google's Gemini models. AI-generated text is clearly labeled where used and is reviewed against the underlying data.

Accuracy

Third-party data is obtained from sources believed to be reliable but is not guaranteed to be accurate, complete, or current, and remains subject to each provider's terms. See our Disclaimer for how our estimates should (and should not) be used.